Our Services
Comprehensive comminution consulting from circuit design through to plant optimisation.
Comprehensive comminution circuit design from ore characterisation through to final equipment sizing.
Eco-Comminution® Circuit Design
Sustainable process designs utilising validated HPGR modelling to assess grinding circuit power requirements, translate these into HPGR sizing options, and evaluate performance under variable conditions including grinding force, roll speed, and surface geometry.
Conventional Circuit Design
Full circuit design capabilities across SAG, AG, ball mill, and crushing configurations — including SAB, SABC, 2C/SAB, 2C/HPGR/BM, and CB circuit variants with complete equipment sizing and flowsheet optimisation.
Diamond Plant Design
Large-scale diamond processing circuit design incorporating scrubbing plant engineering with economies of scale analysis. Specialist experience across Botswana and South African diamond operations.
NI 43-101 Technical Reports
Process section compilation and peer review for NI 43-101 technical reports, ensuring compliance with international reporting standards for mineral projects.
Design Methods
Bond Method (1960s)
Fred C. Bond's Third Theory of Comminution established the foundational framework for crushing and grinding circuit design that remained the industry standard for over half a century. Bond's method introduced the Bond Work Index (Wi) to predict the specific energy required for size reduction, using empirical relationships linking feed size, product size, and work index to calculate power requirements.
- Bond Work Index (Wi) material parameter
- Empirical size-energy relationships
- Efficiency factors for circuit variations
- Practical equipment sizing tool
Morrell Method — GMSG (2016)
The Morrell Method, formally published as a GMSG guideline in 2016, represents the modern standard for determining comminution circuit specific energy. Using geometallurgical ore characterisation parameters including the SMC Test® Drop Weight Index (DWi), Mia, Mib, and Mic, it separately models each size reduction stage for more accurate circuit optimisation.
- SMC Test® parameters (DWi, Mia, Mib, Mic)
- Stage-by-stage energy modelling
- GMSG industry standard
- CMD contributed to development